| Property | Specification |
| Appearance | Small, hard, and typically oval or round-shaped |
| Color | Varies (white, yellow, brown, or black depending on the grain) |
| Odor | Mild, neutral, sometimes nutty or earthy |
| Taste | Mildly sweet, nutty, or bland depending on the grain |
| Texture | Hard, firm, or chewy when cooked |
| Density | Varies (0.6 - 1.0 g/cm³ depending on the grain) |
| Melting Point | N/A (grains are typically cooked before consumption) |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water (except for soluble starches during cooking) |
| Moisture Content | 10% to 15% (depends on the grain and storage conditions) |
| pH Level | 5.5 - 7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral) |